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The Economic Dominance Structure of the US Global Military Base Network-The Ultimate Investment Return Model for Global Military Deployment
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Abstract This study analyses the US deployment of 251,407 military personnel and 412 bases across 45 countries not as “military costs” but as an “investment return system.” Detailed verification reveals that of the total overseas deployment cost of $71.2 billion, $15.5 billion (21.8%) is borne by host countries, with most of this burden creating…
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Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Ammonia and Hydrogen Value Chains: Global Strategic Choice Guidelines
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Chapter 1: Executive Summary – Fundamental Findings of Phased Transition Strategy The detailed analysis in this report has clarified the essential characteristics of both ammonia and hydrogen value chains. The most important finding is the phased transition structure where ammonia functions as both a transitional energy source and the optimal transport medium for hydrogen.…
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Empirical Analysis of National Responses to the 2025 Middle East Crisis: The Reality of Sectarian Politics and the Consequences of Great Power Competition
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Chapter 1: The Realist Transformation of Gulf Oil States Saudi Arabia: Irreversible Shift to Economic Pragmatism Saudi Arabia’s response reflects the fundamental change in strategic thinking the country has experienced over the past five years. The Foreign Ministry’s statement “condemning and denouncing the violation of the sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran” appears…
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Inside the Diplomatic Breakdown Leading to America’s Iran Nuclear Attack: A Multi-Factor Analysis
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Prologue: A Policy Shift Driven by Multiple Converging Factors On June 21, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump ordered airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities, marking a historic turning point as America directly joined the Israel-Iran war. This decision resulted from multiple complex and interrelated factors: the failure of Erdoğan’s mediation efforts, Netanyahu’s consistent military…
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Strait of Hormuz Blockade and Oil Major Assets in the Iranian Crisis
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Introduction On June 19, 2025, Shell CEO Wael Sawan warned in Tokyo that “if the Strait of Hormuz were blocked, it would have a tremendous impact on global trade.” The blockade of this strait, through which approximately one-quarter of the world’s crude oil transactions pass, would have completely different impacts on each oil major…
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Economic Development Analysis of Five Asian Countries: Policy Optimization by Development Stage
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Executive Summary This comprehensive study analyzes the economic development processes of five Asian countries (Japan, South Korea, China, Malaysia, and Indonesia), focusing on the critical transition stage from lower-middle-income to upper-middle-income status, specifically the GDP per capita range from $300 to $10,000. The research constructs a policy optimisation model by development stage to provide…
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