Personal Journey at The Edge of Engineering Mastery
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Abstract This study analyses the US deployment of 251,407 military personnel and 412 bases across 45 countries not as “military costs” but as an “investment return system.” Detailed verification reveals that of the total overseas deployment cost of $71.2 billion, $15.5 billion (21.8%) is borne by host countries, with most of this burden creating…
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Chapter 1: The Realist Transformation of Gulf Oil States Saudi Arabia: Irreversible Shift to Economic Pragmatism Saudi Arabia’s response reflects the fundamental change in strategic thinking the country has experienced over the past five years. The Foreign Ministry’s statement “condemning and denouncing the violation of the sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran” appears…
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Prologue: A Policy Shift Driven by Multiple Converging Factors On June 21, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump ordered airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities, marking a historic turning point as America directly joined the Israel-Iran war. This decision resulted from multiple complex and interrelated factors: the failure of Erdoğan’s mediation efforts, Netanyahu’s consistent military…
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Introduction On June 19, 2025, Shell CEO Wael Sawan warned in Tokyo that “if the Strait of Hormuz were blocked, it would have a tremendous impact on global trade.” The blockade of this strait, through which approximately one-quarter of the world’s crude oil transactions pass, would have completely different impacts on each oil major…