Personal Journey at The Edge of Engineering Mastery
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Chapter 1: Instrumentation and Control System Technical Specifications for LNG Terminals 1.1 Central Control Unit Configuration and Functional Requirements The central control unit in LNG terminals employs a high-reliability architecture centred on a Distributed Control System (DCS) to meet stringent operational requirements, including process control in extremely low-temperature environments of -162°C and continuous 24/7/365…
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Introduction: NFE Company Overview and Project Background Recently, a medium-scale LNG liquefaction facility commenced commercial operations in Mexico, a country rarely associated with LNG liquefaction infrastructure development. Traditionally, LNG liquefaction facilities have maintained economic viability through large-scale operations and established business models by exporting to massive Asian consumption markets via large LNG carriers. The…
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Key Takeaways Market Overview: Summer 2025 Adjustment Phase The LNG market in summer 2025 is in an adjustment phase. JKM prices recorded highs in the mid-$14/MMBtu range in mid-June before declining approximately 18% to $11.44/MMBtu by the end of August. This price movement reflects a return to price levels that reflect the fundamentals of…
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Evidence-Based Analysis of Market Dynamics The LNG market from July 10-31, 2025, exhibited two contrasting movements: price adjustments and rising freight rates occurring simultaneously. A detailed examination of weekly chart data reveals structural changes in progress that exceed market participants’ expectations. Phased JKM Price Adjustment July’s JKM price movement clearly divided into two distinct…
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Introduction From the summer of 2014 until the completion of construction and the handover of gas commissioning in 2015, I was permanently stationed at the Senoro CPP (Central Processing Plant) as the construction manager for PT TRIPATRA, the EPC contractor. This project established a fully integrated value chain, spanning from upstream gas field development…
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Three Critical Findings Revealing Fundamental Market Transformation 1. Abnormal Surge in Shipping Costs Reshapes Price Structure The most significant change over these four weeks was the extraordinary 67.49% surge in LNG vessel charter rates. The week of July 3rd witnessed an unprecedented spike from 16,117 USD/day to 25,526 USD/day, representing an increase of over…
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Natural Gas Pricing Mechanisms: The GOG Revolution and Its Reality Natural gas pricing mechanisms have undergone a fundamental transformation over the past three decades, with Gas-on-Gas Competition (GOG¹) emerging as the dominant theoretical framework for modern energy markets. Understanding these natural gas pricing mechanisms is crucial for comprehending how global energy markets function today.…
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Chapter 1: Executive Summary – Fundamental Findings of Phased Transition Strategy The detailed analysis in this report has clarified the essential characteristics of both ammonia and hydrogen value chains. The most important finding is the phased transition structure where ammonia functions as both a transitional energy source and the optimal transport medium for hydrogen.…
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Introduction On June 19, 2025, Shell CEO Wael Sawan warned in Tokyo that “if the Strait of Hormuz were blocked, it would have a tremendous impact on global trade.” The blockade of this strait, through which approximately one-quarter of the world’s crude oil transactions pass, would have completely different impacts on each oil major…