Personal Journey at The Edge of Engineering Mastery
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Chapter 1: Instrumentation and Control System Technical Specifications for LNG Terminals 1.1 Central Control Unit Configuration and Functional Requirements The central control unit in LNG terminals employs a high-reliability architecture centred on a Distributed Control System (DCS) to meet stringent operational requirements, including process control in extremely low-temperature environments of -162°C and continuous 24/7/365…
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Introduction: NFE Company Overview and Project Background Recently, a medium-scale LNG liquefaction facility commenced commercial operations in Mexico, a country rarely associated with LNG liquefaction infrastructure development. Traditionally, LNG liquefaction facilities have maintained economic viability through large-scale operations and established business models by exporting to massive Asian consumption markets via large LNG carriers. The…
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Key Takeaways Market Overview: Summer 2025 Adjustment Phase The LNG market in summer 2025 is in an adjustment phase. JKM prices recorded highs in the mid-$14/MMBtu range in mid-June before declining approximately 18% to $11.44/MMBtu by the end of August. This price movement reflects a return to price levels that reflect the fundamentals of…
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Evidence-Based Analysis of Market Dynamics The LNG market from July 10-31, 2025, exhibited two contrasting movements: price adjustments and rising freight rates occurring simultaneously. A detailed examination of weekly chart data reveals structural changes in progress that exceed market participants’ expectations. Phased JKM Price Adjustment July’s JKM price movement clearly divided into two distinct…
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Introduction From the summer of 2014 until the completion of construction and the handover of gas commissioning in 2015, I was permanently stationed at the Senoro CPP (Central Processing Plant) as the construction manager for PT TRIPATRA, the EPC contractor. This project established a fully integrated value chain, spanning from upstream gas field development…
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Three Critical Findings Revealing Fundamental Market Transformation 1. Abnormal Surge in Shipping Costs Reshapes Price Structure The most significant change over these four weeks was the extraordinary 67.49% surge in LNG vessel charter rates. The week of July 3rd witnessed an unprecedented spike from 16,117 USD/day to 25,526 USD/day, representing an increase of over…
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Natural Gas Pricing Mechanisms: The GOG Revolution and Its Reality Natural gas pricing mechanisms have undergone a fundamental transformation over the past three decades, with Gas-on-Gas Competition (GOG¹) emerging as the dominant theoretical framework for modern energy markets. Understanding these natural gas pricing mechanisms is crucial for comprehending how global energy markets function today.…
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Introduction On June 19, 2025, Shell CEO Wael Sawan warned in Tokyo that “if the Strait of Hormuz were blocked, it would have a tremendous impact on global trade.” The blockade of this strait, through which approximately one-quarter of the world’s crude oil transactions pass, would have completely different impacts on each oil major…